Sequence & Roleplayers in Immune Complement Cascade & Inflammation from Needling
- plasmin
- C3
- complement proteins
- produce C3, C5 and C9
- C3 and C5 vasodilate and degranulate mast cells and basophils
- Mast cells and basophils release histamine, heparin, kinin protease, and chemotactic factors
- Heparin increases blood flow at site of needling (inhibits thrombin production)
- Chemotactic factors attract neutrophils and eosinophils that control and mediate repair phases 5 & 6
- kinin protease produces plasmin (which produces more C3) and bradykinin
- bradykinin stimulates the substance P nociceptive neurons
- resulting axon reflex sustains needling reaction
